Scottish Fold
| Scottish Fold | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Lilac colored Scottish Fold, displaying characteristic rounded face, large eyes, and forward-folded ears. | |
| Origin | Scotland |
| Breed standard | |
| CFA | standard |
| TICA | standard |
| AACE | standard |
| ACFA | standard |
| Notes | |
| Not recognised by FIFe and GCCF | |
| Cat (Felis catus) | |
The Scottish Fold is a breed of cat with a natural dominant-gene mutation that makes its ear cartilage contain a fold, causing the ears to bend forward and down towards the front of their head, which gives the cat what is often described as an "owl-like" appearance[1]
Originally called lop-eared or just lops after the lop-eared rabbit, Scottish Fold became the breed's name in 1966.[1] Depending on registries, longhaired Scottish Folds are varying known as Highland Fold, Scottish Fold Longhair, Longhair Fold and Coupari.[2]
Contents |
History
Origin
The original Scottish Fold was a white barn cat named Susie, who was found at a farm near Coupar Angus in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1961. Susie's ears had an unusual fold in their middle, making her resemble an owl. When Susie had kittens, two of them were born with folded ears, and one was acquired by William Ross, a neighbouring farmer and cat-fancier. Ross registered the breed with the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy(GCCF) in Great Britain in 1966 and started to breed Scottish Fold kittens with the help of geneticist Pat Turner. The breeding program produced 76 kittens in the first three years—42 with folded ears and 34 with straight ears. The conclusion from this was that the ear mutation is due to a simple dominant gene; if one parent provides the gene for straight ears, and one parent provides the gene for folded ears, the kittens will be Folds.[3]
Susie's only reproducing offspring was a female Fold named Snooks who was also white; a second kitten was neutered shortly after birth. Three months after Snooks' birth, Susie was killed by a car. All Scottish Fold cats share a common ancestry to Susie.[2]
Acceptance
The breed was not accepted for showing in Europe and the GCCF withdrew registrations in 1971 due to concerns about genetic difficulties and ear problems such as infection, mites, and deafness, but the Folds were exported to America and the breed continued to be established using crosses with British Shorthairs and American Shorthairs. Since the initial concerns were brought, the Fold breed has not had the mite and infection problems, though wax buildup in the ears may be greater than in other cats.[2][1]
Popularity
The distinctive physical traits of the breed, combined with their reputation as unusually loving companions, make Folds highly sought-after pets and Fold kittens typically cost considerably more than kittens of more common breeds.[4]
Characteristics
Ears
All Folds are born with straight, unfolded ears, and those with the Fold gene will begin to show the fold usually within about 21 days.[1] The original cats only had one fold in their ears, but due to selective breeding breeders have increased the fold to a double or triple crease that causes the ear to lie totally flat against the head.
| “ | The breed's distinctive folded ears are produced by an incompletely dominant gene that affects the cartilage of the ears, causing the ears to fold forward and downward, giving a cap-like appearance to the head. Smaller, tightly folded ears set in a cap-like fashion are preferred to a loose fold and larger ear. The large, round eyes and rounded head, cheeks, and whisker pads add to the overall rounded appearance. Despite the folded ears, folds still use their aural appendages to express themselves—the ears swivel to listen, lay back in anger and prick up when the treat bag rustles.[4] | ” |
Body
The Scottish Fold is a medium-size cat, with males typically reaching 9 to 13 lbs. (6-9 for females). The Fold's entire body structure, especially the head and face, is generally rounded, and the eyes large and round. The nose will be short with a gentle curve and the cat's body well-rounded with a padded look and medium-to-short legs. The head is domed at the top, and the neck very short. The broadly-spaced eyes give the Scottish Fold a "sweet expression".[3]
Coat
Scottish Folds can be either long- or short-haired, and they may have nearly any coat colour or combination of colours (including white) except pointed colours: for example: Cream, Bi-color, and etc...[3]
Social
Scottish Folds, whether with folded ears or with normal ears, are typically good-natured and placid and adjust to other animals within a household extremely well. They tend to become very attached to their human caregivers and are by nature quite affectionate. Folds receive high marks for playfulness, affection, and grooming, and are often intelligent, loyal, softspoken, and adaptable to home situations and people.[2]
Habits
Folds are also known for sleeping on their backs. This is called the "Buddha Position".[3] Scottish Folds typically have soft voices and display a complex repertoire of meows and purrs not found in better-known breeds. Folds are also known for sitting with their legs stretched out and their paws on their belly.
Health
The typical lifespan of a Scottish Fold is 15 years.[3]
Scottish folds are susceptible to polycystic kidney disease (PKD),[5] and cardiomyopathy.[6]
Osteochondrodysplasia is believed to be caused by or linked to the dominant (folded-ear) gene. If both parents have folded ears, their kittens will be extremely likely (1:4 ratio, virtually guaranteeing at least one per litter) to be affected by malformed bone structures and develop severe painful degenerative joint diseases. This condition can also affect Scottish Folds with one copy of the gene, but usually to a much lesser extent. While ethical breeders breed Fold/non-fold and not Fold/Fold (in the same way Munchkins are bred) to reduce the problem,[3] even those with one copy of the gene develop progressive arthritis of varying severity, leading one vet to recommend abandoning the breeding of folded cats entirely.[7][8] For this reason the breed is not accepted by either the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy[9] or the Fédération Internationale Féline;[10]
In Literature and Entertainment
Biography
- The Scottish Fold is featured in-depth in the short novel The Cat Who Went to Paris by Peter Gethers.[1][11] The book and its two sequels, A Cat Abroad and The Cat Who'll Live Forever: The Final Adventures of Norton, the Perfect Cat, and His Imperfect Human, document the life of Gethers and his Fold, Norton, from their first meeting to Norton's eventual death and Gether's experiences after the loss.[11][12][13]
Film & Television
- Natoru from the anime film The Cat Returns is portrayed as a cat with floppy ears, so he's most likely a Scottish Fold.
See also
- Scottish Fold images and pages at Wikipedia
- Cat body type genetic mutations
- American Curl, a breed with ears curving up and back, somewhat opposite to the Scottish Fold
- List of domesticated Scottish breeds
- Maru (cat)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "CFA breed article on Scottish Folds". Cfa.org. 1999-05-31. http://www.cfa.org/breeds/profiles/articles/scottish.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 J. Anne Helgren. "Petfinder "Scottish Fold"". Petfinder.com. http://www.petfinder.com/cat-breeds/Scottish+Fold. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 ""Scottish Fold FAQ"". Fanciers.com. 1971-11-30. http://fanciers.com/breed-faqs/scottish-fold-faq.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 J. Anne Helgren. "Choosing a Scottish Fold". Pet Place. http://www.petplace.com/cats/choosing-a-scottish-fold/page1.aspx. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ↑ Shirley Little. ""Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)"". Scottishfold.org. http://www.scottishfold.org/pkd.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ↑ Shirley Little. ""Cardiomyopathy"". Scottishfold.org. http://www.scottishfold.org/cardio3.html. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
- ↑ Malik, Richard (2003). "Genetic Disorders of Cats". World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2003. http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2003&PID=6652&O=Generic. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ Osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish Fold cats, Australian Veterinarian Journal
- ↑ "The GCCF says Health Comes First", The Governing Council of the Cat Fancy
- ↑ "Breeding and Registration Rules (date of issue: 01.01.2008)" — as described in §2.7.3 "Genetic Diseases", Fédération Internationale Feline
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Peter Gethers. The Cat Who Went to Paris. ISBN 9780449907634.
- ↑ Peter Gethers. A Cat Abroad. ISBN 9780449909522.
- ↑ Peter Gethers. The Cat Who'll Live Forever. ISBN 9780767909037.
External links
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||